i think white hat are the techniques that are allowed by search engine to increase your rank.and the black hate are vice versa

black hat seo is unethical way of manipulating search engine results but it may result in permanent ban by the search engine.

SEO isn´t about taking short cuts or screwing over the search engines (or, at least, it shouldn´t be) SEO is about turning out quality websites, basically thats what Google wants, quality websites Websites that benefit users White Hat SEO is about educating clients on what a good website is From the content to the design.

Black Hat methods tend to achieve rankings quickly, but are not long-lasting. The methods used by Black Hat SEO companies go against current search engine guidelines.
Black Hat Companies will make promises such as “We guarantee #1 ranking on Google!” Black Hat SEO can get your site banned, so watch out!

This nice knowing that white-hat seo really matters. So for a beginner like me, I want to practice more techniques to better know what really lies ahead.

I think its a matter of ethical and unethical SEO practices. Search engine consider Balck hat techniques as evil.

White hat suggest creating content for users, not for search engines, and then making that content easily accessible to the spiders, rather than attempting to trick the algorithm from its intended purpose. White hat SEO is in many ways similar to web development that promotes accessibility, although the two are not identical. White hat SEO is not just about following guidelines, but is about ensuring that the content a search engine indexes and subsequently ranks is the same content a user will see.

for long term results i would like to prefer white hat SEO always

White hat is original Method of SEO for Long term and Black hat totally spamming.

White hat methods of SEO are considered to be the generally approved and attested strategies by the search engine for promoting a site. But black hat method are unethical.